1. Watch for Sentence fragments.注意不要写半截句。

Sentence fragments happen when a dependent clause is made to stand on its own. They can also happen if a sentence lacks a subject or a verb. Here are some examples of sentence fragments:

只写从句，就是半截句。如果句子缺少主语或动词，也会写成半截句。下面是半截句的例子：


(相关资料图)

"Although I was late to the party."The "although" here is what"s known as a subordinating conjunction, and it creates a subordinate clause, which cannot stand on its own. This is a fragment because it does not provide a complete thought; there"s meaning here that isn"t explained (Although...what?).此处的"虽然"是从属连词，它引导一个从句，不能独立。 这是一个半截句，因为它没有说出完整的想法; 没有解释（虽然...什么？）"Hit something with my car."While you might use type of language in everyday speech, it"s technically a fragment because it lacks a subject (who did the hitting). You could correct it as "I hit something with my car."虽然你可能在日常言语中使用这种类型的句子，但从技术上讲，它不是一个完整的句子，因为它缺乏一个主语（谁做了击球）。你可以纠正它为"我的车撞到了什么东西。”

2. Avoid run-ons.避免流水句或粘连句。（缺连词或标点的长句）

Run-on, or fused, sentences happen when you include more than one independent clause (a clause with a subject and verb that expresses a complete idea) in your sentence.

当句子中包含多个独立的简单句（带有主题和动词表达完整想法的句子）时，就可能会写成“流水”或“粘连”句。

For example, this is a run-on sentence: "I went to the store I got bread and milk." Each of the parts, I went to the store and I got bread and milk have a subject and verb, and each expresses a clear, complete idea.

例如，这就是一个粘连句。这个句子的每一个部分，I went to the store and I got bread and milk，都有一个主语和动词，每一个句子都表达一个清楚、完整的意思。

You can fix run-ons in a few ways. You can separate the clauses with a semicolon, or you can use a comma and a conjunction, or you can break the clauses up into separate sentences:

可以通过多种方法修改粘连句。您可以使用分号分隔子句，也可以使用逗号和连词，也可以将子句分解为单独的句子：

I went to the store; I got bread and milk.The semi-colon shows the close relationship between clauses here.分号在此处显示子句之间的密切关系。I went to the store, and I got bread and milk.This conjunction shows less of a close relationship than the semi-colon, but it communicates that they"re connected ideas.这种结合显示的句子之间的密切程度比分号少，但它表明句子是连接的。I went to the store. I got bread and milk.This full break indicates that the ideas aren"t all that related.这种表达用句号分成了两个句子，说明想法并不那么相关。

3.Stay parallel.使用平行结构。

if you don"t maintain parallel structure, your sentences become difficult to read and lose a lot of their impact.

如果你不保持平行结构，你的句子就会不好理解，并且给读者的印象不深刻。

For example, this sentence lacks parallel structure: "I enjoy fishing, swimming, and hike."这句话缺乏平行的结构。Instead, keep all the verbs in the same form: "I enjoy fishing, swimming, and hiking."相反，把所有动词用相同的形式。This can be a particular problem if you have a lot of clauses in your sentence. For example: "My teacher told me that I should submit my essay on time, that I should proofread it carefully before turning it in, and to not email her the night before."如果你的句子中有很多从句，更需要用平等结构。Instead, keep all the clauses in the same structure: "My teacher told me that I should submit my essay on time, that I should proofread it carefully before turning it in, and that I should not email her the night before."

4.Vary your sentence structure.让句子结构富于变化。

A common mistake, especially with beginning writers or writers in a language they are still learning, is to write all your sentences in the same basic structure. Varying your sentences makes your writing read more smoothly and is more pleasant for the reader.

初学者最常犯的错误就是用相同的基本款句型写所有的句子。让你的写作阅读更顺利，让读者体验更愉快，就要改变你的句子。

For example, consider how repetitive this is: "I saw a zombie. I started to run. I tripped over a rock. I got up again. I kept running." All of the sentences have the same word order (subject-verb-direct object) and begin with the same subject.看下面这些句子，只用了一种句子结构，同样的句子顺序（主－谓－宾），并且主语都是 "I”。Now look at a spiced-up version: "I saw a zombie and started to run, but I tripped over a rock. Panicked, I picked myself up and kept running."来看一个表达更丰富的版本：I saw a zombie and started to run, but I tripped over a rock. Panicked, I picked myself up and kept running."

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